Artificial spin-ice (ASI) lattices are artificially created structures made of arrays of interacting nanomagnets that were originally envisioned to mimic the behavior of crystalline spin ice. However, the term “artificial spin ice” broadly refers to a larger class of magnetic metamaterials where magnetic domains can be mapped onto a spin-lattice model [1]. Recently, ASI has been discussed in the context of functional magnonic materials, where an interplay between geometry, material properties and reconfigurability determines the spin-wave spectrum [2-6] with on-demand feature toggling.

In this talk, I will present broadband ferromagnetic resonance and Brillouin light scattering measurements of different types of ASI and correlate the experimental findings with micromagnetic simulations. I will focus on the angular-dependent dynamics of Ising and non-Ising ASI made of one single material [4-6], as well as bicomponent ASIs composed of two sub-lattices made of dissimilar ferromagnetic materials [7]. These results show that the interaction and the resonant dynamics in ASIs can be tuned, not only by the external field, the geometry and orientation of the lattice, but also by the proper choice of the materials. Thus, our results demonstrate the ability to realize novel types of two-dimensional magnonic crystals paving the way to new concepts in nanomagnonics. 

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-SC0020308.

[1] Sklenar et al., Solid State Phys. 70, 171-235 (2019),
[2] Lendinez & Jungfleisch, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 32, 013001 (2020),
[3] Kaffash et al., Phys. Lett. A 402, 127364 (2021),
[4] Bang et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 14, 014079 (2020),
[5] Kaffash et al., Phys. Rev. B 101, 174424 (2020),
[6] Lendinez et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 162407 (2021),
[7] Lendinez et al., Nano Lett. 21, 1921 (2021).